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First, what does mean – FREE Vitamin D… we get it from smartly exposing our bodies (skin) to sunlight (without sunscreens or sunblocks, which are perhaps entirely responsible for higher cancer rates). Smartly exposing skin to sunlight, from which where our bodies can make the vitamin D, requires: going into the sun for short periods of time, increasing the length of time slowly. The objective is not allow your skin to turn pink or get sunburned (which does NOT have toxic sunsreen or sunblock applied). It’s free, it’s healthy, you’ll look a lot better, you’ll have a healthier complexion, you’ll save money on make-up (which is also full of toxic chemicals and just plain bad for the skin), you’ll be helping to decrease your risk of man types of cancer, sleep better, be less depressed – just to name a handful!
Enjoy summer sun safely.
Here’s the scoop…
It is thought that over 95 percent of U.S. senior citizens may be deficient, along with 85 percent of the American public. The evidence is overwhelming, and the solution is incredibly simple. One way to drastically reduce your risk of cancer and countless other chronic diseases is to optimize your levels of vitamin D either by safe sun exposure, tanning in a safe tanning bed or by taking a high-quality supplement.
Dr. Garland, interviewed in this video, is regarded as the top epidemiologist on vitamin D and its relation to health. He led one of the latest studies on vitamin D for cancer prevention and his results, which were published in the Annals of Epidemiology, were nothing short of astonishing…
“It is projected that raising the minimum year-around serum 25(OH)D level to 40 to 60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) would prevent approximately 58,000 new cases of breast cancer and 49,000 new cases of colorectal cancer each year, and three fourths of deaths from these diseases in the United States and Canada, based on observational studies combined with a randomized trial. Such intakes also are expected to reduce case-fatality rates of patients who have breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer by half. There are no unreasonable risks from intake of 2000 IU per day of vitamin D3, or from a population serum 25(OH)D level of 40 to 60 ng/mL. The time has arrived for nationally coordinated action to substantially increase intake of vitamin D and calcium.”
Garland wrote:
“It is projected that raising the minimum year-around serum 25(OH)D [vitamin D] level to 40-60 ng/ml would prevent approximately 58,000 new cases of breast cancer and 49,000 new cases of colorectal cancer each year, and three quarters of deaths from these diseases, in the US and Canada.”
Further, the study proposed a new model of cancer development — dubbed DINOMIT — that is centered on a loss of cancer cells’ ability to stick together. The model is a departure from the older model of cancer development, which centers on genetic mutations as the earliest driving forces behind cancer. According to Dr. Garland:
“The first event in cancer is loss of communication among cells due to, among other things, low vitamin D and calcium levels. In this new model, we propose that this loss may play a key role in cancer by disrupting the communication between cells that is essential to healthy cell turnover, allowing more aggressive cancer cells to take over.”
The longer this information goes largely unnoticed, the more people who will die unnecessarily from potentially preventable cancers and other diseases.
The D*Action Project: How YOU Can Make a Difference
GrassrootsHealth has launched a worldwide public health campaign to solve the vitamin D deficiency epidemic in a year through a focus on testing and education with all individuals spreading the word.
And you are all invited to join in this campaign!
With Dr. Garland at the helm, The D*Action Project will be monitoring, for five years, the health outcomes of individuals who get their vitamin D levels to the levels of 40-60 ng/ml.
GrassrootsHealth D*action is on a mission to get the word out and solve the vitamin D deficiency epidemic … in just one year’s time.
Eliminate the vitamin D deficiency epidemic – join the D*Action Project https://www.grassrootshealth.net/questionnaire-welcome?c=1&js=1
New Research by D*action Member Dr. Cedric Garland Suggests Role Low Levels of Vitamin D Play in Cancer Development
Reprinted with permission from PRWeb
Coming on the heels of the publishing in the Annals of Epidemiology of a new study led by Dr. Cedric Garland, on the preventive measures of vitamin D, GrassrootsHealth D*action Project is calling on physicians, health clinics and groups throughout the country to recognize the need for determining vitamin D levels and to ensure the public have their blood levels of vitamin D tested. According to research from the newly published study by Cedric F. Garland, Dr. P.H., FACE, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Moores Cancer Center of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), “It is projected that raising the minimum year-around serum 25(OH)D level to 40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/L) would prevent approximately 58,000 new cases of breast cancer and 49,000 new cases of colorectal cancer each year, and three quarters of deaths from these diseases, in the US and Canada.”
San Diego, CA (PRWEB) May 25, 2009 — Coming on the heels of the publishing in the Annals of Epidemiology of a new study led by Dr. Cedric Garland, on the preventive measures of vitamin D, GrassrootsHealth D*action Project is calling on physicians, health clinics and groups throughout the country to recognize the need for determining vitamin D levels and to ensure the public have their blood levels of vitamin D tested.
According to research from the newly published study by Cedric F. Garland, Dr. P.H., FACE, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine and Moores Cancer Center of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), “It is projected that raising the minimum year-around serum 25(OH)D level to 40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/L) would prevent approximately 58,000 new cases of breast cancer and 49,000 new cases of colorectal cancer each year, and three quarters of deaths from these diseases, in the US and Canada.”
Led by Dr. Garland, one of the GrassrootsHealth D*action panel of 30 scientists, the new study proposes a new model of cancer development that hinges on a loss of cancer cells’ ability to stick together. The model, dubbed DINOMIT, differs substantially from the current model of cancer development, which suggests genetic mutations as the earliest driving forces behind cancer.
“This new research study in the Annals of Epidemiology, shows the vital nature that vitamin D deficiency can play in the development of cancer,” said D*action’s Carole Baggerly. “There is no question that many of these cancers can be prevented with adequate intake of vitamin D3 and calcium. Our mission at the D*action Project has been to get individuals to know and increase their blood levels of vitamin D. We feel this study will put a greater emphasis on medical clinics and groups to embrace this campaign and ensure that their patients attain proper levels of vitamin D.”
In December of 2008, GrassrootsHealth announced the establishment of the D*Action Project to monitor, for five years, the health outcomes of individuals who get their vitamin D levels to the recommended levels of 40-60 ng/ml. Dr. Garland is the lead investigator of this project. Elements of the program include:
Getting participants to join D*action, complete a health questionnaire and have a blood spot test. Receive test results and take action as necessary, ideally in consultation with their health care professional Encourage other people to join D*action.
“We will be tracking the incidence of many diseases, from cancer to diabetes and muscular function as well as pain levels to see what effect the higher vitamin D levels may have,” says Baggerly. “We expect to see a significant reduction in the incidence of breast cancer (and its recurrence), colon cancer, diabetes and myocardial infarction, compared with the general population. With the expansion of the project by individuals, we could substantially reduce this epidemic in a few years!” Physicians, medical institutions and groups are encouraged to contact Baggerly at carole@grassrootshealth.org to discuss how they can participate with their health plan participants.
Garland, an epidemiologist and a professor of family and preventive medicine at the UC San Diego School of Medicine attributes the first event in cancer to a loss of communication among cells due to, among other things, low vitamin D and calcium levels.
“In this new model, we propose that this loss may play a key role in cancer by disrupting the communication between cells that is essential to healthy cell turnover, allowing more aggressive cancer cells to take over,” said Garland in a press release on the study issued by the University of California, San Diego.
According to the study, such cellular disruption could account for the earliest stages of many cancers. Garland says previous theories linking low levels of vitamin D to certain cancers have been tested and confirmed in more than 200 epidemiological studies, and understanding of its physiological basis stems from more than 2,500 laboratory studies.
“While more scientific studies need to be made, proper supplementation with vitamin D3 and diet can provide major assistance in preventing cancer development,” said Baggerly.
An interview with Dr. Garland regarding his new publication in the Annals of Epidemiology is currently posted on www.grassrootshealth.net
The new study is posted online at www.annalsofepidemiology.org. It is scheduled to appear in print in the June 2009 issue of Annals of Epidemiology.
Garland and his colleagues have published epidemiological studies about the potential preventive effects of vitamin D for two decades. As early as 1990, his team showed an association between deficiency in sunlight exposure, low vitamin D and breast cancer. In previous work, they showed associations between increased levels of vitamin D3 or markers of vitamin D and lower risk for breast, colon, ovarian and kidney cancers.
Other authors on the study include Edward D. Gorham, Sharif B. Mohr and Frank C. Garland, all of UC San Diego.
GrassrootsHealth, a non-profit public health promotion organization which launched the D*action Project to solve the vitamin D deficiency crisis is based in San Diego. The D*action Project is a consortium of scientists, institutions and individuals committed to solving the worldwide vitamin D deficiency epidemic. More information is available at www.grassrootshealth.net
Other interesting and simple possibilities for staying healthy:
I am often asked which Young Living essential oils are helpful for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). I cannot and will not – diagnose, treat or prescribe or tell anyone what they should or shouldn’t do – the information in this article is based on a scientific study, and what I do to prevent certain types of unwanted illness and diease. This information is for educational purposes only. Please do the related research yourself to find out more as each situation and person are different, and decide what works for you.
A total of 91 Young Living single essential oils, and 64 Young Living blends were tested for their inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in 2008. Of the 91 single Young Living essential oils 78 exhibited zones of inhibition against MRSA. And of the 64 Young Living blends 52 exhibited inhibitory activity against MRSA.
Since the 1950s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have reported that the proportion of overall staphylococcal infections due to MRSA has risen steadily from 2% in 1974, to 22% in 1995, to 63% in in 2004[1] in the USA. Although initially most MRSA infections were acquired in hospital (HA-MRSA) settings, the first appearance of a community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) occurred in 1982 among intravenous drug users in Detroit.[2]
Since 1982 CA-MRSA (Community Acquired -MRSA) has grown annually into an ever-increasingly source of infections among individuals previously labeled as belonging to ‘low-risk’ groups.
Since cases of HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA are increasing, as are the rates of antibiotic therapy failures, many have been searching for new methods of prevention and treatment.[3-6] Research has revealed some promising novel antimicrobial candidates including superior quality essential oils, such as Young Living’s.
In vitro data indicate that many Young Living essential oils have antimicrobial activity.[7] The activities that were investigated and their actions against various pathogens, including MRSA, were demonstrated. [8-14]
There are also several clinical studies [15, 16] and case reports [17, 18] noting the successful use of YL essential oils in treating MRSA nasal carriage or MRSA infections. Specifically, Dryden et al.[15] and Caelli et al.[16] reported that topical YL tea tree (YL Melaleuca) was effective as standard therapy for reducing MRSA nasal colonization; Sherry et al.[17, 18] reported successful treatment of patients with staphylococcal wound infections. However, several review articles[17, 18] have reported that, while use of essential oils as antimicrobial agents is promising, additional in vivo studies and more clinical studies involving larger numbers of subjects are needed.
Previous studies done in the YL lab have shown inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other pathogens by various YL essential oils, but these oils were not tested specifically against MRSA.[7, 22, 23] Thus, this study was initiated to screen YL essential oils for inhibitory activity against medically important bacterium to determine their potential as candidates for use as disinfectants, antiseptics, or topical treatments against MRSA.
The Results of the Young Living Single Essential Oils
Of the 91 YL single essential oils that were screened by the disc diffusion assay, 78 had measurable inhibitory activity, while 13 exhibited no detectable inhibitory activity against MRSA.
Of the YL single essential oils tested, lemongrass, lemon myrtle, mountain savory, cinnamon bark and melissa showed the highest levels of inhibition.
Remarkably, the YL essential oil lemongrass (60 mm) completely inhibited all MRSA growth on the plate.
Significant zones of inhibition (45-57 mm) were found for these other YL essential oils: thyme, cumin, Eucalyptus citriodora, tsuga, oregano, Melaleuca arternifolia.
Intermediate inhibition zones (35-42 mm) were detected for the YL singles of: ledum, Eucalyptus dives, niaouli, manuka, peppermint, elemi, and rosewood.
Results of the Young Living Blends
Of the 64 YL blends tested, 52 showed zones of inhibition, while 12 showed no detectable inhibitory activity against MRSA.
Of the YL blends, the blend called R.C. scored the best (>83 mm), with the blends Motivation second, Longevity third.
An Observation
It was noted that the single essential oils that showed little or no detectable zone of inhibition when combined with other singles can produce significant zones of inhibition, suggesting a ‘synergy’ is occurring between the essential oils. For instance, the blend ‘Motivation’ showed anti-MRSA activity greater than the individual single oils when tested alone. Thus, the diameter of the zone of inhibition is greater than would be expected if the effect was only due to the YL oils acting independently. Likewise, the data for the other two YL blends, R.C. and Longevity, imply synergism of the combined single oils in the blends.
What I like to do to ‘Prevent’ MRSA and the Cooties in general…
Whenever possible I like to practice ‘prevention.’ A perfect example occurred this past spring when I seriously injured my foot and ankle and had to go to the Emergency Room. Here’s what I did because it was convenient…
I took a bottle of my Thieves Waterless Hand Sanitizer and added to the 1 oz. bottle 7 drops of Lemongrass essential oil, and shook it up good.
Prior to getting out of the car, we squirted a nickel size dab of the Thieves hand sanitizer in our palms and rubbed it in well being sure to cover all parts of our hands.
After leaving the Emergency Room, but before opening the door of our car, we again paused to do our dabs of Thieves hand sanitizer.
As a general rule, I always carry a bottle of Thieves Waterless Hand Sanitizer in my purse, and keep one in the car – both have several drops of lemongrass added. We apply a dab prior to getting out of the car, particularly so when we will be touching things that many others have touched – like gas pump handles, door handles, shopping carts (which are extremely filthy! A side note: I do NOT recommend putting your purse, food or items in the child seat of the carts as they are loaded with bacteria, urine, and feces – studies have shown).
I personally prefer to take a proactive stance. What you choose to do, think, and follow is entirely up to you.
What I would do if I were in a Nursing Home or a stay in a Hospital
I would bring my Nebulizer Essential Oil Diffuser, a bottle of R.C. and a bottle of Lemongrass – and – my Thieves Hand Sanitizer (with several drops of either lemongrass or R.C. added to it). I would also bring these items into these places if a loved one were there and leave them for that individual to use as needed.
Many hospitals in the UK diffuse (vaporize) essential oils to help prevent the spread of infections and as such their death rates from infection have also gone down. Researchers at the University of Manchester stated that essential oils could be easily blended into soaps and shampoos for use by hospital staff to stop the spread of the deadly bacteria, see article.
Fabrics Harbor MRSA (studies show)
To address this, I would use my Thieves Household Cleaner in the laundry (one capful per load in place of laundry detergent) and I would add a few drops of lemongrass to the load.
Additional facts regarding MRSA and where and how long it can live on various surfaces.
Therapy Dogs May Fetch Hospital Germs, NY Times Well Blogs
Bacterial Contamination of Fabric Stethoscope Covers, Chicago Jornals Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
While all of this sounds scary my personal opinion is that it’s important to be proactive. Whether it be from not sharing towels and clothing, washing hands frrequently with a NON-antibacterial soap frequently, or choosing to use essential oils – any of these practices will be helpful in prevention.
“MRSA is spread by contact. So you could get MRSA by touching another person who has it on the skin. Or you could get it by touching objects that have the bacteria on them. MRSA is carried, or “colonized,” by about 1% of the population, although most of them aren’t infected. Staph (MRSA) can be a problem if it manages to get into the body, often through a cut. Once there, it can cause an infection. Staph is one of the most common causes of skin infections in the U.S.” source: webmd.com
As I said, using common sense and practicing smart behavior can help prevent acquiring MRSA.
If MRSA were in My Home
If I were in a situation where MRSA were in my home or on people living in my home – I would do ALL of the above regularly.
Normally, I regularly diffuse my oils anyway, and I use Thieves Household Cleaner for all of our laundry, and only use my Young Living oils to clean my house and surfaces. They smell great, help kill unwanted microorganisms, and are nontoxic – I’ve cleaned my laundry and home in this way for years, even if superbugs and MRSA weren’t around – I prefer it over any other products.
Inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by essential oils
Sue Chao 1 *, Gary Young 1, Craig Oberg 2, Karen Nakaoka 2
1Young Living Essential Oils, Lehi, UT, USA
2Department of Microbiology, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
References
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MRSA in Healthcare Settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta GA, 2008
2. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/ar_MARS_spotlight_2006.html [accessed 24 April 2008].
3. Saravolatz LD, Markowitz N, Arking L et al. Ann. Intern. Med. 1982; 96:11-16.
4. Carr AC. N.Z. Pharm. 1998; 18: 1-5.
5. Carson CF, Riley TV. Rural Industr. Res. N.Z. 1998; 1-52.
6. Carson CF, Riley TV. Comm. Dis. Intell. 2003; Sippl: S144-147.
7. Carson CF, Hammer KA, Riley TV. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2006; 19: 50-62.
8. Chao SC, Young DG, Oberg C.J. Essent.Oil Res. 2000; 12: 639-649.
9. Chang ST, Chen PF, Chang SC. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 77: 123-127.
10. Hayes AJ, Markovic B. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2001; 40: 535-543.
11. Imai H, Osawa K, Yasuda H et al. Microbes 2001; 106(S1): 31-39.
12. Nostro A, Blanco AR, Cannatelli MA et al. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2004; 230: 191-195.
13. Edwards-Jones V, Buck R, Shawcross SG, et al. Burns 2004; 30: 772-777.
14. Elsom GKF, Hide D. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1999; 43: 427-428.
15. Sherry E, Warnke PH. Phytomedicine 2004; 11: 95-97.
16. Dryden MS, Dailly S, CrouchM. J. Hosp. Infect. 2004; 56(4): 283-286.
17. Caelli M, Porteous J, Carson CF et al. J. Hosp. Infect. 2000: 46: 236-237.
18. Sherry E, Boeck H, Warnke PH. BMC Surg. 2001; 1:1.
22. Martin K, Ernst E. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2003; 51: 241-246.
23. Chao SC, Young DG, Oberg C. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1998; 10: 517-523.
Disclaimer: This article is only my opinion and what I choose to do for prevention. The information found on this website is not intended to diagnose, treat or prescribe any condition – it is for educational purposes only. Please do the related research to discover what is right for you and always seek medical attention when you are experiencing problems.
I have been buying all of my seafood from Vital Choice for years now, they are the best I’ve found anywhere. I particularly like the assortment in their sample packs. Their standards and fishing practices are in alignment with my own – sustainability and responsibility. The waters from which they fish are Alaskan, cold and clear, and all of the fish are ‘wild’ (not farm raised, yuck) – I believe this too makes their product superior to others I’ve had.
Wild Alaskan Salmon
Vital Choice’s newsletter this week had an interesting article that I thought others might find useful in respect that our diets are so terribly deficient in Omega-3s. I’ve been very impressed with their products and customer service over the years.
Omega-3s Linked to Healthier Weight and Body Composition
Study finds higher omega-3 levels in people with lower weights and body mass indices; Overweight subjects had lower omega-3 blood levels
by Craig Weatherby
Fighting the battle of the bulge? Join the club!
The truth is that exercise, portion control, and nutrition remain the proven approaches.
We’ve reported on animal and human studies that link diets higher in omega-3s to a fat-burning boost, and to better body compositions and weight control.
Now, researchers from Australia’s University of Newcastle have linked higher blood levels of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA to lower rates of obesity.
Compared to people with a healthy weight, the cell membranes of overweight and obese people in the study were nearly 14 percent lower in omega-3s … a dramatic difference.
Their conclusion was clear: “Our findings suggest that [omega-3s] may play an important role in weight status and abdominal adiposity.” (Abdominal adiposity is the medical term for excess belly fat.)
The researchers recruited 124 people of varying weights, excluding people taking omega-3 fish oil supplements:
• 21 people with healthy weight-height ratios (body mass index, or BMI);
• 40 people classified as overweight;
• 63 people classified as obese.
Blood samples were drawn after the participants had abstained from eating for at least 10 hours.
Lead author Monohar Garg, Ph.D., and his colleagues found an inverse relationship between participants’ omega-3 (DHA plus EPA) blood levels, and their BMIs, waist size, and hip circumference.
That is, people with higher omega-3 blood levels had lower BMIs, narrower waists, and smaller hip circumferences.
Omega-3s accounted for 5.25 percent of all fatty acids in the red blood cell membranes of the healthy-weight participants.
In contrast, omega-3s constituted only 4.53 percent of fatty acids in the red blood cell membranes of obese participants: nearly 14 percent less than in the healthy-weight participants.
As the Aussie team wrote, “… [Other] studies, along with our observations, suggest that omega-3 supplementation may play an important role in preventing weight gain and improving weight loss when omega-3s are supplemented concomitantly with a structured weight-loss program.”
(In fact, there’s already been at least one pilot clinical trial in which omega-3s were added to a structured weight-loss program, and it produced encouraging results: see “Omega-3s Boost Weight Loss Benefits of Low-Cal Diets”.)
Aussie findings fit with “pharmacology” of omega-3s
The Australian team stressed that the available evidence from cell, animal, and human research supports the idea that omega-3 fatty acids might aid weight management: “… the idea that fish oil can regulate weight status via improved appetite control along with a subsequent reduction in energy intake is plausible and worthy of further investigation.” (Micallef M et al. 2009)
Animal studies suggest that omega-3s may increase burning of body fat by the process known as thermogenesis, in which oxidation of body fat burns it off in the form of body heat (Mori TA 2004).
And one human study found that omega-3s boosted the feeling of fullness after a meal, among overweight and obese people participating in a weight loss program (Parra Det al. 2008).
Appetite control is linked in part to omega-3s’ effects on levels of hormones like ghrelin and leptin, but a full understanding remains out of reach.
As with all such uncontrolled studies, the results do not prove that the link between higher omega-3 levels and less excess body fat is causal … especially since the researchers appear not to have taken into account other diet-lifestyle factors that people within the high- and low-omega-3 groups may have had in common.
Accordingly, the authors called for more controlled, clinical trials, saying that the positive results of most studies conducted to date “… make the basis for conducting more intervention trials in adults examining the influence of dietary supplementation with omega-3-rich fats/oils in assisting weight loss and weight maintenance.” (Micallef M et al. 2009)
We wish that more research dollars flowed to research into lifestyle factors affecting weight ─ including dietary patterns and individual nutrients ─ with fewer going toward the elusive and so far fruitless search for an enormously profitable “magic bullet” weight control drug.
Search Vital Choice‘s archives for previous articles and try some of their fabulous seafood.
Sources
• Klein-Platat C, Drai J, Oujaa M, Schlienger JL, Simon C. Plasma fatty acid composition is associated with the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in overweight adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec;82(6):1178-84.
• Kunesová M, Braunerová R, Hlavatý P, Tvrzická E, Stanková B, Skrha J, Hilgertová J, Hill M, Kopecký J, Wagenknecht M, Hainer V, Matoulek M, Parízková J, Zák A, Svacina S. The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and very low calorie diet during a short-term weight reducing regimen on weight loss and serum fatty acid composition in severely obese women. Physiol Res. 2006;55(1):63-72. Epub 2005 Apr 26.
• Micallef M, Munro I, Phang M, Garg M. Plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are negatively associated with obesity.Br J Nutr. 2009 May 19:1-5. [Epub ahead of print]
• Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Shaw JE, Beilin LJ. Effect of fish diets and weight loss on serum leptin concentration in overweight, treated-hypertensive subjects. J Hypertens. 2004 Oct;22(10):1983-90.
• Mori TA. Effect of fish and fish oil-derived omega-3 fatty acids on lipid oxidation. Redox Rep. 2004;9(4):193-7. Review.
• Parra D, Ramel A, Bandarra N, Kiely M, Martínez JA, Thorsdottir I. A diet rich in long chain omega-3 fatty acids modulates satiety in overweight and obese volunteers during weight loss. Appetite. 2008 Nov;51(3):676-80. Epub 2008 Jun 14.
• Ramel A, Martinéz A, Kiely M, Morais G, Bandarra NM, Thorsdottir I. Beneficial effects of long-chain n-3 fatty acids included in an energy-restricted diet on insulin resistance in overweight and obese European young adults. Diabetologia. 2008 Jul;51(7):1261-8. Epub 2008 May 20.
• Yanagita T, Nagao K. Functional lipids and the prevention of the metabolic syndrome. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:189-91. Review.
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